It is important for parents to know that youth substance use today is not the same as it was when you were a teen.
1- In the 1990's, when many current parents were in high school, only 3% of students in the United States graduated high school without using some form of substance. In 2020 that is no longer the case, in the United States 20% of students graduate high school without ever having used any substance, including alcohol or nicotine. There is no reason you can't make a clear expectation that your child be a part of the 1 in 4 students in our region who will graduate without using substances!
2- Youth today do not use substances the same way as they were used in the past. Vaping and dabbing are very different from smoking of nicotine (cigarettes) and cannabis (joints, bongs, etc). Vapes can contain much higher content of the mind altering substance than the plant form that was smoked when you were a teen. This can cause more concerns for a teen's developing brain than in the past.
We understand that talking with your teen about alcohol and drug use isn’t easy. If you are struggling to start a conversation about substance use with your child, you aren’t alone.
Perhaps the most important thing to keep in mind is that you are your child’s most valuable resource when it comes to preventing substance use. Research backs it up: teens whose parents talk to them often about substance use are less likely to use drugs or drink alcohol.
For help in how to start the conversations, we encourage you to check out the “Talk. They Hear You” campaign videos. PSAs, and other resources: https://www.samhsa.gov/underage-drinking
Always remember, there is help. Here are some basic tips to get you started:
Start talking. Keep talking. Find “teachable moments” in your everyday life.
Start a conversation about substance use when you and your child see a character on a TV show or in a movie drinking alcohol or using drugs.
Give your child examples of drug and alcohol use that hit close to home. If you know that your child’s classmate was caught using drugs, bring it up with him right away. Talk about the consequences. Ask your child how she/he feels about the situation.
Talk about a news report you see about celebrities or athletes who are having drug or alcohol problems. This is a great way to start a conversation with a teen. This could be the report of a famous person passing away from a reported drug overdose, or an artist entering treatment for substance use, or many other items that come up in the news or social media.
Ask questions. Encourage your child to ask them, too.
Ask open-ended questions that will get your child talking about what she/he knows and how she feels about drug and alcohol use. For example, “Is there anything you’d like to ask me about when it comes to drugs and alcohol?” Try not to ask questions that can be answered with a simple yes or no.
Tell your child that you will do your best to answer any questions she/he has, and that you want to know what’s on her/his mind.
If you don’t know the answer to a question your child asks, don’t panic! Use the moment as an opportunity to find out the answer together.
Be prepared to deal with tough questions. Parents are often thrown by questions like, “Have you ever done drugs?” or “But I see you drink alcohol, so why can’t I?” Think about how to answer questions like these in advance. Click here for additional support information .
If your family has a history of substance use disorder (addiction or alcoholism), share that information with your child.
Children with genetic links to addiction have an 8 times higher likelihood of developing an addiction compared to their peers.
Children with a family history of addiction can counteract genetics by waiting until they are 21 years old (or older) before initial use. This does not mean that waiting until someone is 21 guarantees that they will not become addicted, but it does reduce the likelihood to less than 10%, or the same as their peers who waited for first use.
Have a conversation, not a confrontation.
Make sure your child has your attention, and you have theirs. Turn off the television and put away your cell phones. This doesn't mean that the conversation needs to happen at the table, or other formal setting.
Choose a time and a place that’s comfortable for you and your child to talk. Car rides can be a wonderful time to talk, it is a quiet private space, with a limited length of time, and you aren't sitting face to face.
Multiple short conversations over time are easier than a single “big talk”; try to talk at least every few months or in rhythm with the school calendar or other seasonal events.
Listen to your child. Let them talk, and respond to what they say. Remember not to “talk at” them or make them feel judged.
Make clear rules.
Tell your child that drug or alcohol use won’t be tolerated.
Explain to your child that you are making rules to keep her safe.
Be clear about the consequences of breaking the rules in advance, and be sure to consistently follow- through on those consequences.
Be clear what the family rules are, but also that your child should report any infractions to you personally, rather than allowing rumors or other reports to be how and where you learn of any incident. This allows for a conversation about an incident, rather than your child choosing to hide things from you, which can lead to bigger problems.
Acknowledge when your child is following the rules, be sure she knows how proud you are of her healthier choices.
Teach your child how to say “no” in ways that help them feel strong and empowered.
Role-play with your child. Set up a situation where your child is at a party and someone offers him/her drugs or alcohol. Help him/her practice saying “no.”
Offer suggestions/reasons your child might use for why ‘no’ is the best answer for them. “I’d get kicked off the baseball team”, “My uncle is a cop in town”, “My mom would kill me”, “My dad will take away my car for a year if I got caught”, etc.
Additional resources are available here with examples of different ways to turn down drugs or alcohol.
Talk with your child about peer pressure. Remember, there can also be positive peer pressure, to make good decisions, when you choose to be with peers who are making healthy choices.
Provide your child with ways to communicate with and access you in the event they are in an uncomfortable situation.
Ask your child to check in with you while they are out with their friends, this offers them a chance to let you know how things are going.
Have a predetermined way that lets you know when they need your help in a situation, maybe it is a word that means you will call to check with them, or that you will come get them, or that you will tell them they need to be home soon. Something that will allow them to extract themselves from the situation, or ask you to help them get out safely.
Allow your child to use you as an excuse for needing to say no in a situation. This could be “my mom would kill me for doing that”, or “my Mom says I need to be home in 10 minutes”, or “my Dad will still be up when I get home”, or even “my Mom has a drug test at home, and she will use it on me if she thinks I’ve done that. We’d all get in trouble then”
Get the facts! Your child will listen more closely if they know that you have done your research and know about current substances and their use. A lot has changed in the past 10 years with respect to teen substance use and the types of products that are available.
Tobacco/ vaping
https://drugfree.org/article/how-to-talk-with-your-kids-about-vaping/
http://makesmokinghistory.org/dangers-of-vaping/parents/
https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/SGR_ECig_ParentTipSheet_508.pdfAlcohol
https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/parenting-prevent-childhood-alcohol-use
https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/make-a-difference-child-alcohol
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/alcohol.htmlMarijuana
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/marijuana-facts-parents-need-to-know/want-to-know-more-some-faqs-about-marijuana
https://drugfree.org/download/marijuana-talk-kit/Prescription medication, not used as prescribed.
http://masstapp.edc.org/rx-student-athlete
https://www.mass.gov/protect-your-kids-from-prescription-drug-misuseHeroin and opioids- very few youth under 18 are using heroin in our region, however it is a common topic of conversation, as the number of overdose deaths remains high in our region, state and country. The majority of opioid or heroin overdose deaths are between 25-44 years of age.
https://drugfree.org/article/opioids-risks-explained/
http://www.hampshirehope.org/Methamphetamines- very few youth under 18 are using methamphetamines, however this is a growing concern in the country and in our region.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamineCocaine, very few youth under 18 are using cocaine in our region, however this is a growing concern in the state.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine
While very few middle/high students are using heroin, cocaine, meth, prescription medications, these are important conversations to have with youth. Knowing the facts and being able to discuss these drugs when your child asks is an important part of the conversation. If you want to ask for help with these conversations, feel free to reach out to us, we are happy to provide information or help you feel more comfortable.
Remember, the first conversation you have with your child shouldn't be the last. Once you’ve started talking, continue to check in on them, offering age and development appropriate talks. And, yes you should start these talks earlier than you think, long before they start facing decisions about drug use.
